A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.

@article{citeulike:1018647, abstract = {A meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As predicted, engagement-contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-contingent rewards significantly undermined free-choice intrinsic motivation (d = -0.40, -0.36, and -0.28, respectively), as did all rewards, all tangible rewards, and all expected rewards. Engagement-contingent and completion-contingent rewards also significantly undermined self-reported interest (d = -0.15, and -0.17), as did all tangible rewards and all expected rewards. Positive feedback enhanced both free-choice behavior (d = 0.33) and self-reported interest (d = 0.31). Tangible rewards tended to be more detrimental for children than college students, and verbal rewards tended to be less enhancing for children than college students. The authors review 4 previous meta-analyses of this literature and detail how this study's methods, analyses, and results differed from the previous ones.}, address = {Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA. deci@psych.rochester.edu}, author = {Deci, E. L. and Koestner, R. and Ryan, R. M. }, citeulike-article-id = {1018647}, issn = {0033-2909}, journal = {Psychol Bull}, keywords = {experiment, incentive, meta-analysis, motivation, rewards}, month = {November}, number = {6}, posted-at = {2008-03-07 01:08:43}, priority = {2}, title = {A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.}, url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10589297}, volume = {125}, year = {1999} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1018647 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1018647 TI - A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. JF - Psychol Bull VL - 125 IS - 6 AD - Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA. deci@psych.rochester.edu SN - 0033-2909 N2 - A meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As predicted, engagement-contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-contingent rewards significantly undermined free-choice intrinsic motivation (d = -0.40, -0.36, and -0.28, respectively), as did all rewards, all tangible rewards, and all expected rewards. Engagement-contingent and completion-contingent rewards also significantly undermined self-reported interest (d = -0.15, and -0.17), as did all tangible rewards and all expected rewards. Positive feedback enhanced both free-choice behavior (d = 0.33) and self-reported interest (d = 0.31). Tangible rewards tended to be more detrimental for children than college students, and verbal rewards tended to be less enhancing for children than college students. The authors review 4 previous meta-analyses of this literature and detail how this study's methods, analyses, and results differed from the previous ones. KW - experiment KW - incentive KW - meta-analysis KW - motivation KW - rewards AU - Deci, EL AU - Koestner, R AU - Ryan, RM PY - 1999/11// UR - http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10589297 ER -