Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

@article{citeulike:2638365, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The role of diet in the origin of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is not well understood; thus, we sought to evaluate the relationship between incident MetSyn and dietary intake using prospective data from 9514 participants (age, 45 to 64 years) enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dietary intake was assessed at baseline via a 66-item food frequency questionnaire. We used principal-components analysis to derive "Western" and "prudent" dietary patterns from 32 food groups and evaluated 10 food groups used in previous studies of the ARIC cohort. MetSyn was defined by American Heart Association guidelines. Proportional-hazards regression was used. Over 9 years of follow-up, 3782 incident cases of MetSyn were identified. After adjustment for demographic factors, smoking, physical activity, and energy intake, consumption of a Western dietary pattern (P(trend)=0.03) was adversely associated with incident MetSyn. After further adjustment for intake of meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables, refined grains, and whole grains, analysis of individual food groups revealed that meat (P(trend)<0.001), fried foods (P(trend)=0.02), and diet soda (P(trend)=< 0.001) also were adversely associated with incident MetSyn, whereas dairy consumption (P(trend)=0.006) was beneficial. No associations were observed between incident MetSyn and a prudent dietary pattern or intakes of whole grains, refined grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts, coffee, or sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS: These prospective findings suggest that consumption of a Western dietary pattern, meat, and fried foods promotes the incidence of MetSyn, whereas dairy consumption provides some protection. The diet soda association was not hypothesized and deserves further study.}, address = {Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA.}, author = {Lutsey, P. L. and Steffen, L. M. and Stevens, J. }, citeulike-article-id = {2638365}, comment = {The ARIC study is very interesting. This was a prospective study of nearly 9,500 middle-aged adults. About 40\% of the subjects developed MetS. There was about a 15\% higher incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in those eating a "Western diet" pattern (increased red and processed meats, fried food, soda, and refined grain products with low intakes of vegetables, fruits,whole grains, and fish. Eating 1-2 servings of meat per day was associated with a 20-25\% higher risk of Metabolic syndrome compared with 1/4th serving per day. Eating fried foods each day was also associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome; the highest quartile of fried food intake was associated with 25\% greater risk. Participants who drank 1 serving of diet soda a day had 34\% increased risk of the MetS compared with those who did not drink diet sodas. A recent study from Framingham showed that there was a 56\% increased risk for MetS among those consuming >1 diet soda a day. Dairy consumption afforded some protection. Persons in the highest quartile of dairy consumption had a 13\% lower risk. --Roger S. Blumenthal, MD }, doi = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716159}, issn = {1524-4539}, journal = {Circulation}, keywords = {diet, dietaryfiber, metabolic-syndrome, risk}, month = {February}, number = {6}, pages = {754--761}, posted-at = {2008-04-07 18:54:23}, priority = {2}, title = {Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716159}, volume = {117}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2638365 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2638365 TI - Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. JF - Circulation VL - 117 IS - 6 SP - 754 EP - 761 AD - Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA. SN - 1524-4539 N2 - BACKGROUND: The role of diet in the origin of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is not well understood; thus, we sought to evaluate the relationship between incident MetSyn and dietary intake using prospective data from 9514 participants (age, 45 to 64 years) enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dietary intake was assessed at baseline via a 66-item food frequency questionnaire. We used principal-components analysis to derive "Western" and "prudent" dietary patterns from 32 food groups and evaluated 10 food groups used in previous studies of the ARIC cohort. MetSyn was defined by American Heart Association guidelines. Proportional-hazards regression was used. Over 9 years of follow-up, 3782 incident cases of MetSyn were identified. After adjustment for demographic factors, smoking, physical activity, and energy intake, consumption of a Western dietary pattern (P(trend)=0.03) was adversely associated with incident MetSyn. After further adjustment for intake of meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables, refined grains, and whole grains, analysis of individual food groups revealed that meat (P(trend)<0.001), fried foods (P(trend)=0.02), and diet soda (P(trend)=< 0.001) also were adversely associated with incident MetSyn, whereas dairy consumption (P(trend)=0.006) was beneficial. No associations were observed between incident MetSyn and a prudent dietary pattern or intakes of whole grains, refined grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts, coffee, or sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS: These prospective findings suggest that consumption of a Western dietary pattern, meat, and fried foods promotes the incidence of MetSyn, whereas dairy consumption provides some protection. The diet soda association was not hypothesized and deserves further study. KW - diet KW - dietaryfiber KW - metabolic-syndrome KW - risk N1 - The ARIC study is very interesting. This was a prospective study of nearly 9,500 middle-aged adults. About 40% of the subjects developed MetS. There was about a 15% higher incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in those eating a "Western diet" pattern (increased red and processed meats, fried food, soda, and refined grain products with low intakes of vegetables, fruits,whole grains, and fish. Eating 1-2 servings of meat per day was associated with a 20-25% higher risk of Metabolic syndrome compared with 1/4th serving per day. Eating fried foods each day was also associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome; the highest quartile of fried food intake was associated with 25% greater risk. Participants who drank 1 serving of diet soda a day had 34% increased risk of the MetS compared with those who did not drink diet sodas. A recent study from Framingham showed that there was a 56% increased risk for MetS among those consuming >1 diet soda a day. Dairy consumption afforded some protection. Persons in the highest quartile of dairy consumption had a 13% lower risk. --Roger S. Blumenthal, MD AU - Lutsey, PL AU - Steffen, LM AU - Stevens, J PY - 2008/02/12/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716159 ER -