Evolutionary analysis of the well characterized endo16 promoter reveals substantial variation within functional sites.

@article{citeulike:1010727, abstract = {The evolutionary mechanisms that operate on genetic variation within transcriptional regulatory sequences are not well understood. We present here an evolutionary analysis of an exceptionally well characterized cis-regulatory region, the endo16 promoter of the purple sea urchin. Segregating variation reveals striking differences in the intensity of negative selection among regulatory modules, reflecting their distinct functional roles. Surprisingly, transcription-factor-binding sites are as polymorphic and as likely to contain fixed differences as flanking nucleotides. Whereas nucleotides in protein-binding sites in the most proximal regulatory module exhibit reduced variation, those in other modules tend to be more polymorphic than putatively nonfunctional nucleotides. Two unrelated large insertions at the same position within the promoter are segregating at low frequencies; one is a strong ectodermal repressor that contains 16 verified transcription-factor-binding sites. These results demonstrate that a simple relationship between conservation and function does not exist within this cis-regulatory region and highlight significant population heterogeneity in the fine structure of a well understood promoter.}, address = {Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.}, author = {Balhoff, J. P. and Wray, G. A. }, citeulike-article-id = {1010727}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0409638102}, issn = {0027-8424}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, keywords = {cis\_regulatory\_evolution}, month = {June}, number = {24}, pages = {8591--8596}, posted-at = {2008-04-30 21:38:36}, priority = {2}, title = {Evolutionary analysis of the well characterized endo16 promoter reveals substantial variation within functional sites.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409638102}, volume = {102}, year = {2005} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1010727 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1010727 TI - Evolutionary analysis of the well characterized endo16 promoter reveals substantial variation within functional sites. JF - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A VL - 102 IS - 24 SP - 8591 EP - 8596 AD - Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. SN - 0027-8424 N2 - The evolutionary mechanisms that operate on genetic variation within transcriptional regulatory sequences are not well understood. We present here an evolutionary analysis of an exceptionally well characterized cis-regulatory region, the endo16 promoter of the purple sea urchin. Segregating variation reveals striking differences in the intensity of negative selection among regulatory modules, reflecting their distinct functional roles. Surprisingly, transcription-factor-binding sites are as polymorphic and as likely to contain fixed differences as flanking nucleotides. Whereas nucleotides in protein-binding sites in the most proximal regulatory module exhibit reduced variation, those in other modules tend to be more polymorphic than putatively nonfunctional nucleotides. Two unrelated large insertions at the same position within the promoter are segregating at low frequencies; one is a strong ectodermal repressor that contains 16 verified transcription-factor-binding sites. These results demonstrate that a simple relationship between conservation and function does not exist within this cis-regulatory region and highlight significant population heterogeneity in the fine structure of a well understood promoter. KW - cis_regulatory_evolution AU - Balhoff, JP AU - Wray, GA PY - 2005/06/14/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409638102 ER -